EAR1 is a negative regulator of ABA signaling that enhances the activity of all six clade A PP2Cs (ABI1, ABI2, HAB1, HAB2, AHG1, AHG3) by interacting with and releasing the N-terminal autoinhibition of these proteins. EAR1 indirectly affects OST1 activity through enhancing ABI1 activity. The EAR1 141-287 fragment is sufficient for the functioning of EAR1 in ABA responses; the 131-248 region harbors an intrinsically disordered region and only 249-278 can form a predicted regular structure. EAR1 is located in the ER, nuclei, and cytoplasm; ABA signaling promotes the translocation of EAR1 from the ER and/or cytoplasm to the nucleus. Mutations showed that it functions in seed germination, primary root growth, and drought tolerance.
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